Telephone switching network



Jan. 25, 1966 T. N. LowRY TELEPHONE SWITCHING NETWORK 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 28, 1962 STAGE L/ NE TERM/NALS Jan. 25, 1966 T. N. LowRY TELEPHONE SWITCHING NETWORK 8 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed June 28, 1962 STAGE 4 STAGE 3 Jan. 25, 1966 T. N. LowRY 3,231,579

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Jan. 25, 1966 T. N. LowRY TELEPHONE SWITCHING NETWORK 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed June 28, 1962 mmm. Nk

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Jan. 25, 1966 T. N. LowRY 3,231,579

TELEPHONE SWITCHING NETWORK Filed June 28, 196? 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 Jan. 25, 1966 T. N. LOWRY TELEPHONE SWITCHING NETWORK 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed June 28, 1962 United States Patent O 3,231,679 TELEPHONE SWITCHING NETWORK Terrell N. Lowry, New York, NSY., assignor to Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, New York, NY., a corporation of New York Filed June 28, 1962, Ser. No. 205,920 41 Claims. (Cl. 179-18) This invention relates to telephone switching networks, and particularly to the control ot such networks when adapted for use in electronic telephone switching systems.

Telephone switching networks of the character related to the present invention comprise a number of switches arranged in stages to provide transmission interconnections between any one of a plurality of transmissi-on terminals at one side of the network and any one of a plurality of transmission terminals at the other side of the network. The switching network may in this manner be employed to connect a subscriber line corresponding to the terminal vat the one side of the network to a subscriber li-ne or trunk corresponding to the terminal at the other side of the network. The switches which are ultimately operated to establish each of the connections in the various stages of the transmission network to complete a desired transmission path conventionally comprise a coordinate array of crosspoints having an electrical contacting means at each of the crosspoints. Electrical contacting means which may be employed in a crosspoint switch to establish transmission path connections take various forms and a number of these are well known in the telephone switching art. Mechanical arrangements for operating the contacting means have proven highly useful in the past `and have been extensively employed. Electronic means such as gas tubes, for example, have also been employed for completing transmission path connections. This invention concerns itself paiticulanly with the control of those switching devices in which metallic contacts are actually operated, such as electromechanical relays having contacts associated therewith. Switching network arrangements using well known electromechanical relay means have long constituted the basic contacting means for selectively completing a telephone network transmission path in certain telephone systems.

The time required for electromechanical relays to respond to energizing current pulses, however, has proven excessive in the context o-f high speed electronic switching systems. Accordingly, a need was created for an electrical contacting means which is operative responsive to el-ectrical pulses occurring at electronic speeds. A highly advantageous answer to this need, fulfilling the requirement of high operating speeds while retaining the advantages inherent in a mechanical switch, is the contacting device known yas a ferreed. One form o-f the ferreed is described in the patent of the present inventor, No. 3,037,085 issued May 29, 1962. This ferreed cornprises in its simplest form a pair o-f magnetically responsive electrical reed contacts associated with a magnetic structure having remanent magnetic properties. The ferreed is organized such that when a flux is induced in the magnetic structure in one direction by a current pulse applied to windings coupled thereto, the flux is closed through the electrical reed contacts themselves thereby causing their closure. The remanent properties of the structure maintain the contacts closed atter the energizing current pulse which induced the flux therein is interrupted. The contacts are opened .by a reverse current pulse applied to another winding, which current pulse causes a reverse flux which closes through another portion of the magnetic structure rather than through the 3,231,679 Patented Jan. 25, 1966 ICC reed contacts. The spring action of the reed contacts then causes their separation.

The ferreed is thus wholly compatible with electronic telephone switching systems in which high speed ener- -gizing current pulses are applied to establish cross-point connections. Although a disparity still may exist between the response time of the reed contacts and the time duration of the energizing current pulses, the magnetic structure, which may advantageously be fabricated of a ferrite material, provides an ideal buffer between these two occurrences. A control flux is readily induced or switched in the structure responsive to high speed pulses and remains, or latches, to actuate the relatively slower operating contacts. The organization of the control windings of a Iterreed may advantageously be such that when both of two control windings are energized in either direction the reed contacts are closed and remain closed, the contacts being opened when either one but not both of the windings are energized. Such a winding arrangement is also described in detail in the patent of the present inventor referred to hereinbefore in detail and makes possible this differential excitation of ferreeds. When ferreeds operating in the differential excitation mode are arranged in a coordinate crosspoint switch, energizing control conductors Iarranged in both sets of coordinates defining the crosspoints serially include therein the respective winding means of the individual ferreeds. The contacts of each ferreed may be arranged to interconnect transmission conductors discretely associated with the energizing control conductors which define the crosspoint location of the ferreed within the coordinate crosspoint switch. To close the contacts of a 'ferreed at a selected crosspoint ot a switch, the two coordinate cont-rol conductors defining the selected crosspoin-t .are simultaneously energized. The contacts of the selected crossp-oint ferreed close in response to the energization of its two control winding means in its response time after the brief energizing current pulses are removed from the defining coordinate energizing conductors. When the differentially excited ferreeds are arranged in coordinate fashion, it is clear that each of the other ferreeds having a winding included in the control conductors will have only one of their two control winding means energized. In accordance with the differential excitation mode of operation, the contacts of cach ferreed of a coordinate switch appearing in the energized coordinate which were previously closed will be restored to their normally open state, leaving operated only the contacts of the selected crosspoint ferreed. This operation of a ferreed switch array has been termed destructive mark operation. In the destructive mark switch as described in the aforementioned Patent No. 3,037,085, the selected coordinate control conductors are separately although simultaneously energized from separate energizing pulse sources.

A multistage network of lferreed switches may advantageously be made up having a plurality of switches in each stage and one such network arrangement is shown in the patent referred to in the foregoing. Considerably larger networks in which a more economical distribution of switches and their interconnecting links is realized may also be achieved using the ferreed as the basic electrical connecting means. In such larger networks, switching arrangements are provided which respond to signals from common control equipment which itself operates responsive to the subscribers service requests. When such -a common `control equipment is employed in connection with an electronic switching system, more economical and efficient distribution of network components is made possible and the flexibility of the switching system is greatly increased. In large switching networks of the the parallel transmission network to the next.

3 character contemplated the problem is presented of gaining access to the network itself and then controlling the network pulsing paths to establish the necessary transmission paths required by subscriber service requests. The network may also be required to perform various test yfunctions and also, advantageously, when malfunctions are detected, to perform its own clearing operations.

When a lrelatively large number of transmission paths are to ybe controlled in a network, it has been found that -a signicant economic advantage may be realized by using electromechanical relay means to provide the access for control operations. Specifically, when wire spring relays are so employed the cost of a single relay Contact is small when com-pared to the cost, for example, of a semiconductor device which would be required to perform the same control path establishing function.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a new and novel ferreed switching network, the access and control of which, although electronically controlled, are achieved by means of electromechanical relay means, 'thereby to realize improvements in network economy and flexibility not possible with prior switching networks.

Another object of this invention is to provide a new and improved switching network compatible with electronic telephone switching systems.

It is also an object of this invention to employ the bilateral electrical current properties of ferreed switching devices to provide a telephone switching network capable of performing a number of control operations with a minimum increase in network components.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a ferreed switching network having relay means for selecting and establishing a control path therethrough.

The foregoing and other objects of this invention are -realized in one speciiic illustrative embodiment thereof which employs the aforementioned ferreed electrical contacting devices as the -basic switching elements. As also mentioned previously, the ferreeds each have a pair of control winding sets coupled toa magnetic structure, both `control winding sets of which must be energized to effect the closure of the ferreed contacts. In one use of the ferreed in this invention, two reed spring contact sets are provided in each ferreed to establish a connection vbetween tip and ring transmission conductors from one stage of The basic crosspoint switch of the present invention is a coordinate array of such ferreeds. One of the control winding sets of each ferreed is connected in an energizing control conductor of one set of coordinates and the other control winding set of the same ferreed is connected in an energizing control conductor of the other set of coordinates. When a ferreed is operated, its contacts interconnect transmission conductors ofl the transmission network which are discretely associated with the energizing control conductors in which the windings of the ferreed are connected. A selected ferreed of the switch is then operated simply by coincidentally energizing the two coordinate control conductors defining the selected ferreed in the coordinate array. Obviously, and in accord with destructive mark operation, each of the other ferreeds occurring on the energized coordinate control conductors will have only one of the control winding sets energized and hence will be restored to the normal state causing its contacts to open if previously operated.

Each of the ferreed crosspoint switches of this invention advantageously makes use of the connection in the switch of the output end of each of the coordinate control conductors of one set of coordinates with the input end of each of the coordinate control conductors of the other set of coordinates by means of a common conducting bus. This ferreed switch arrangement is described in the copending application of W. S. Hayward, Jr., Serial No. 206,055, tiled lune 28, 1962, now Patent No. 3,110,- 772 issued November l2, 1963. Since a somewhat rigor- `ous requirement of coincidence -both in time and amplitude exists for the energizing current pulses required to operate the ferreed devices employed in this invention, the common conducting bus connecting the ends of the coordinate control conductors of a switch advantageously solves this problem. Thus, by simultaneously applying a current pulse to a selected control conductor of one set of coordinates and a ground potential, for example, to a selected control conductor of the other set of coordinates, an energizing circuit is defined which will include both of the winding sets of the selected ferreed appearing at the crosspoint defined by the selected coordinates. Obviously, in -this manner the identical current pulse is applied to both winding sets of the selected ferreed. An absolute coincidence of time and pulse magnitude is thus insured.

Before proceeding to the general organization of this invention, it may be noted that all references are to a switching control network as distinguished from the telephone transmission network which the switching control network is intended to control. Thus the switching control network will be understood by one skilled in the art to control, by means of the tip and ring contact pairs of the `ferreeds, transmission paths in a parallelling transmission network which may be, but is not necessarily, an image of the switching control network. However, since this invention concerns itself essentially with switching network control, the transmission network of a telephone system with which this invention may advantageously be adapted for use is not considered in detail herein nor is it fully shown in the drawing.

The ferreed crosspoint switches of this invention are organized in grid units in which a plurality of switches on one side have their output coordinate control conductors connected by means of a plurality of interswitch links to input coordinate control conductors of lan equal plurality of switches on the other side of the grid. Coordinate transmission conductors discretely associated with the coordinate control conductors of the various switches may be interconnected by interswitch transmission conductors in a pattern similar to that of the interswitch links. Hereafter the term link is descriptive of a connection between coordinate control conductors, it being understood that interswitch transmission conductors may be provided in association with each interswitch link vfor connecting the coordinate transmission conductors associated with the coordinate control conductors connected by the interswitch link. The interswitch link connections `are such that each switch on one side of the grid has access at one of its output coordinate control conductors with each switch on the other side of the grid. An illustrative control network according to this invention is further developed by multiplying a number of such grids in both directions to make up a supergrid array of grids. Two columns of grids are contemplated with a plurality of grids in each column. In this super-grid arrangement of grids, it is apparent that =four columns of crosspoint switches will result, of which columns of switches in the present network will comprise the switching stages. `rl'he grids including the stage 1 and 2 switches and the grids including the stage 3 and 4 switches are interconnected by means of a plurality of intergrid links. The latter links connect the levels of the switches in such a manner that each ygrid of one column of grids has access to each grid of the other column of grids. Three sets of interstage links thus result which will be designated herein the A links, interconnecting `the switches of stages 1 and 2, the B links, interconnecting the switches of stages 2` and 3, and the C links, interconnecting the switches of stages 3 and 4.

According to one feature of this invention each of the A, B, and C links has a relay contact included therein. The relay contacts of the links are associated with operating relays grouped according to'links in a manner vsuch that with the operation of selected relays in each of the groups corresponding to the A, B, and C links, a single conducting control path is established `from one side of a selected switch of the first stage switches to the other side of a selected switch of the last stage switches. Such a single conducting control path is made possible by the connections at each of the stages of the coordinate control conductors to the common conducting busses as previously described. At the first stage side of lthe network each of the input coordinate control conductors is connected to a line control conductor which has a relay contact included therein for making the subscriber line selection. At the last stage side of the network each of the output coordinate control conductors is connected to a trunk control conductor which has a relay contact included therein for making the selection of trunks leading out of the network. In the ferreed network being generally described, the transmission conductors outgoing Ifromy the last stage off the parallelling transmission path network, which is not a part of this invention, for completing calls between a calling subscriber substation and the central oiiice or a called subscriber within the same central office, are termed junctors. Thus, it will be appreciated by one skilled in the -art that the illustrative control network according to this invention being described may comprise only one part of a telephone system for responding to subscribers service requests. Other control networks which may be identical to the one contemplated herein may thus be employed in the system to control the completion of call connections.

The first and second stages of the supergrid network of this invention comprise concentrator stages. The switches employed in the latter stages have their cross- -points arranged and the number of coordinate control conductors in each set of coordinates organized in a manner such that the number of incoming lines of the network is reduced by a predetermined factor at the output side of the second stage. In the illustrative embodiment of this invention being described, the number of lines incoming to the network are concentrated on a 4:1 basis. Specifically, the particular control network to beconsidered in detail hereinafter provides for the access of 4096 lines to 24 transmission conductors at the output of the second stage.

It is also a feature of a control network according to the principles o-f this invention tha-t a ferreed is also connected in each of the line control conductors at the first stage of the network; contacts of this ferreed rnay for example `serve to disconnect, i.e., cut off, line supervisory circuits from the respective transmission conductors of the line circuits associated with the line control conductors. A special form of ferreed is employed a-t this point to provide for such cut-olf operations. The ferrreed is provided with a single Winding in order to achieve polar operation upon its selective energization. A current 1n one direction in the single winding thus serves to close the contacts of the polar cut-off ferreed and a current in the opposite direction opens the contacts. The polar ferreed of a particular line control conductor may be operated in conjunction with the exclusive control of the first stage switch to which the line control conductor is` connected. The common conducting bus of each of the rst stage switches itself provides an independent control circuit path by connecting thereto a shunt conductor leading to a potential source. The shunt conductor has also 1ncluded therein a relay contact selectively operable to provide a shunt path directly to the latter potential through a particular control conductor of one coordinate without at the same time including in the path a control conductor of the other coordinate. As a result, although a control circuit is completed for the polar cut-off ferreed, the first stage switch is effectively opened with respect to the ferreeds appearing therein on the coordinate control conductor completing the circuit for the polar iferreed. Particular network operations may thus be accomplished in which a number of operative combinations o-f the cut-off polar ferreed and first stage switches are involved. Since the lferreeds of the supergrid switches are operable by current pulses of either polarity, network operations requiring the opening of the contacts of the first stage switches with or without the operation of the cut-off polar ferreed contacts are made possible without the addition of components or circuits within the network itself.

It is still another feature of this invention that at the junctor side of the network each of the junctor control conductors connected to the output coordinate control conductors of the last stage switches has one winding of a single ferreed Idevice connected thereto. The contacts of this ferreed may be advantageously used to connect a test circuit to the transmission conductors associated with a junctor control conductor. This ferreed device, also operated in the differential excitation inode, is connected to the junctor control conductors between the control network and the aforementioned junctor selection relay contacts. The junctor ferreed -advantageously provides for false, cross and ground testing of the particular network transmission path to which its contacts are connected. The bidirectional character of the current control paths dened through the supergrid iferreeds and the junctor ferreeds makes `possible a variety of network control and test operations with or without the selective operation of the cut-off polar ferreed contacts.

According to yet another feature of this invention, each :of the line control conductors, shunt conductors, A, B, and C links, and junctor control conductors of the control network, in addition to a relay contact, has a fuse connected therein. A self-clearing operation in the event of a sticking selection relay contact is in this manner advantageously made possible. It will lbe appreciated that, in a control network of the character contemplated, if a selection relay contact sticks closed, the one link control path in which the malfunctioning contact appears will remain in a busy condition and cannot be restored to an idle condition merely by releasing the relay involved. This defective condition is obviously more serious than the case of a contact which refuses to close since a false control connection thus established will interfere with other control connections. When the ferreed energizing current pulse is applied to the control network, the current will divide between the control paths thus existing. In accordance with this feature, all of the selection relays of the links except those of the particular group of links to be tested are closed. A direct current, sufficiently low in magnitude not to disturb operated ferreeds, is then applied to all of the junctor control conductors at the junctor side of the net-work. Since, in the particular group of links being tested, each of the selection relay contacts will be open, if one ofthese contacts is stuck closed, all of the direct current will Ibe applied to the current path through the control network including the stuck contact. Although t'he testing current is of low magnitude, it is of sufficient duration to cause the Ifuse included in the latter path to melt, thus clearing the control path without in any way affecting the condition of the remaining control paths in the stage being tested. A subsequent continuity test may then be accomplished to isolate the now defective fuse and provide for its replacement and the correction of the stuck associated contact. Fuses of suitable characteristics may be provided to insure adequate operating margins.

The foregoing and other objects and features of this invention will be better understood from a consideration of the detailed description of a specic illustrative network embodiment thereof which follows when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in which:

FIGS. l through 8 depict an illustrative telephone switching control network according to they principles of this invention;

FIG. 9 shows t-he arrangement of FIGS. l through 8 to depict the control network organization;

FIG. l0 depicts one ferreed crosspoint switch which may be employed as the basic electrical contacting means 7 within the illustrative control network proper and its attendant transmission path network;

FIG. 11 depicts a comparison of varlous energizing pulses applied to the control network during various operations;

4 FIG." 12 depicts .the convention employed to represent relays and their associated make or break contacts;

FIG. 13 depicts the connection of a typical ferreed crosspoint within a coordinate switch array.

An illustrative control network according to the principles `of this invention may now 'be considered in detail with particular reference to FIGS. 1 through 8 of the drawing. The following description of such an illustrative network will comprise, first, the organization and structural arrangements of the control network, lfollowed by a'description of illustrative operations of the control network in accomplishing its various functions. The description of the structural organization of the control network will consider lirst the control network proper, its terminal circuitry, and interswitch link selection relay contacts, followed by a description of the various relay groups for controlling these and other contacts, the relay control circuits for accomplishing various network functions, and finally, general mention .of the external circuitry which may advantageously comprise part of the telephone system as a whole with which a control network according to this invention may be adapted for use.

lBroadly, the network comprises a supergrid made up of a plurality of columns of grids of ferreed switches. The switches are in this manner arranged in four stages. The stage 1 and 2 switches are arranged in a plurality of grids of switches, which grids in the specific embodiment being described number sixty-four. The stage 3 4and 4 switches are also arranged in a plurality of grids, which grids number sixteen. For purposes of clarity the grids of the four stages will be designated A and C link grids hereinafter and, also to simplify the presentation in the drawing, only the last grid of each column of grids is shown in detail, the first and second representative grids v being shown only in Ablock symbol form. The rst column of grids of the network thus comprises a plurality of A link grids -1 through 20-64 and the second col-umn of grids of the network comprises a plurality of C link grids 30-1 through 30-16. The first two stages of the network are concentrator stages and the crosspoint arrangement of the ferreeds and the organization of the coordinate control conductors of the switches to achieve the required concentration is depicted in detail in the grid 20-64 shown in FIG. 2.

Each of the concentrator grids 20-1 through 20-64 is organized with four first stage switches 21-1 through 21-4 and four second stage switches 22-1 through 22-4.

yEach of the switches-211 through 21-4 comprises a partial access switch with sixteen input terminals at one side having access to four out of eight output terminals at the other side. Each of the switches 22-1 through 22-4 of the second stage comprises a switch having eight terminals at one side and four terminals at the other side. The organization of a first stage concentrator switch may be understood with particular reference to switch 21-1 of grid 20-64, for example. The switch 21-1 is provided with a plurality of input terminals m1 through m16 at one side connected to sixteen vertical coordinate control conductors of the switch. The latter control conductors are each connected at one end to a common conducting bus 23 in the manner described in detail in the copending application of Hayward, now Patent 3,110,772, mentioned hereinbefore. Eight horizontal coordinate control conductors are connected at one end also to the common conducting bus 23. In order toachieve concentration of the transmission paths, the individual ferreeds are arranged at the crosspoints of the switch 21-1 in a manner so that the transmission input paths corresponding to each of the terminals m may be connected via the ferreed contacts to any predetermined four of the eight transmission output paths corresponding to each of the terminals n; and the control windings are correspondingly connected between vertical and horizontal control conductors as shown in switch 21-1. Although any combinations of such connections may be devised by one skilled in the art, in the present illustrative embodiment, the terminals m are grouped by four such that the transmission conductors corresponding to any group of four terminals m may be connected to transmission conductors corresponding to a different combination of four horizontal conductors. These combinations of connections are represented in switches 21-1 and 21-4 in FIG. 2 by the encircled crosspoints of the switches, the ferreeds themselves being omitted for purposes of simplicity.

The connection of the ferreed device of FIG. l0 in a typical crosspoint switch array is shown in FIG. 13. Although the complete ferreed switch 31-8, part of which is shown in FIG. 13, appears in FIG. 3, the connections of the various ferreed terminals in the other switches 21, 22 and 32 of FIGS. 2 and 3 are identical to those shown in FIG. 13. The reed contacts 51 and 52 interconnect the transmission conductors Tml, Rml and Tnl, Rnfl associated with the coordinate control conductors m1 and n1 respectively, when the ferreed device F11 is operated.

In the switches 221 through 22-4 a further step in the concentration of the grids 201 through 20e64 is achieved as may be described in connection with an illustrative switch 22-1. Eight :horizontals of the latter switch have access to four verticals via the contacts of the individual ferreeds in this case provided at each of the crosspoints of the switch also as represented by encircled crosspoints only. The horizontal and vertical coordinate control conductors of the switch 22-1 are also connected at their ends, respectively, to a common conducting bus 23 in accordance with the switch described in the aforementioned Hayward application, now Patent 3,110,772.

Continuing with a consideration of a representative grid of the first and second stages, the interconnections of the A links between the horizontals of the switches 21-1 through 21-4 of the grid 20-64 and the horizontals of the switches 22-1 through 22-4 of the same grid may be merely stated at this point as each containing a relay contact and a fuse. In addition, the A links at this point may be understood as being associated in pairs to achieve the interstage connections. The A links will be considered in further :detail hereinafter. It is to be vunderstood that each of the grids Ztl-I through 20-63 and their component ferreed switches are also organized in a manner identical to that described in connection with the representative grid Ztl-64.

The third and fourth stages of the network of FIGS. 1 through 8 comprise a plurality of sixteen grids 30-1 through Sti-16. As depicted in detail in the representative grid 30-16, each of the latter grids is an octal grid having eight ferreed switches 31-1 through 31-8 in one of its stages and eight ferreed switches 32-1 through 328 in the other of its stages. Each of the ferreed switches of the latter stages is also organized on an octal basis, having eight vertical coordinate and eight horizontal coordinate control conductors. The respective ends of the control conductors lying on the coordinates are also connected to a common'conducting bus 23 in each of the switches. In the case of the third stage switches, eight terminals m1 through m8 are provided for each switch which are connected to the eight vertical coordinate control conductors. For the fourth stage switches, eight terminals nl through 118 connect to the eight horizontal coordinate control conductors. The provision at each of the crosspoints ofthe octal switches of the grid Sti-16 is again represented merely by the encircled crosspoints at these locations. lThe connection of a typical ferreed device F11 in a typical ferreed switch 31-8 is shown in FIG. 13. C links, the specific interconnection of which will be described hereinafter, also connect the horizontal coordinate control coriductors of the third stage switches with the horizontal coordinate control conductors of the fourth stage switches. Each of the interstage C links also has a relay contact and a fuse therein as will be considered in further detail hereinafter. It is to be understood that each of the other grids 30-1 through 30-15 and their component ferreed switches are also organized in a manner identical to that described in connection with the representative grid 30-16.

The A link grids and C link grids are interconnected by means of B links in a manner such that each of the A link gri-ds has access to each of the C link grids. Although sixty-four A link grids are provided and only sixteen C link grids, a symmetrical interconnection of B links is made possible since, it will be recalled, the second stage of each of the A link grids is made up of four ferreed switches each having four outputs and the third stage in each of the C link gri-ds is made up of eight 'ferreed switches each having eight inputs. In the illustrative network lbeing described it is thus clear that 1024 aggregate terminals of the A link grids connect to 1024 aggregate terminals of the C link grids. With such an equal distribution of terminals of the A and C link grids, the terminals and their corresponding transmission conductors of an A link grid are successively connected, respectively, -to the terminals and their corresponding transmission conductors of the C link grids which correpond to the numerical position of the connecting A link grid in the column of A link grids. For example, the last terminal of the A link grid -64, which i-s the terminal n4 -of the switch 22-4, connects via a B link to the last terminal m8 of the last switch 31-8 of the last C link grid 30-16. The first terminal of the A link grid 20-64, which is the first terminal n1 yof the switch 22-1, connects via a B link 26 to the last terminal of the la-st switch of the first C link grid -1. Likewise, continuing this successive interconnection -of B links, the last terminal of the last ferreed switch of the second A link grid 20-2 connects via a B link 27 to the second terminal :of the last C link grid 3016, the latter terminal being the second terminal m2 of the first switch 31-1. The second terminal of the second A link grid Ztl/ 2 then connects via a B link 28 to the second terminal of the lC link grid Ztl-2. The first terminal of the second A link grid 20-2 connects via B link Z9 to the second terminal of the first C link grid 30-1. Further representative connections of B link-s between the second and third stage switches will finally serve to illustrate the B link organization. The first terminal of the first A link grid 20-1 is connected via .a B link 33 to the first terminal of the first C link grid 30-1 and the last terminal of the first A link grid 20-1 is connected via a B link 34 to the first terminal of the last C link grid 30-16. The second terminal of the first A link grid 20-1 is connected via `a B link 35 to first terminal of the second C link grid 302. From the toregoing representative B link connections it is clear that with each A link grid having sixteen outputs, access may be had to each of the sixteen C link grids. Conversely, since each of 4the C link grids has sixty-four terminals, access to these terminals may be had from each of the sixty-four A link grids. Each .of the B links, the representative ones 25 through 29, 33, 34, and 35 of which are shown in the drawing, also has a selection relay conta-ct and a fuse therein, which elements will be considered in greater detail hereinafter.

The interconnections of the A links within ea-ch of the grids 20-1 through 20-64 is made in a manner similar to that described for the B links; that is, each of the switches 21-1 through 21-4 of the first stage has access Via its horizontal con-trol conductors to each of the switches 22-1 through 22-4 of the second stage. This interconnection may be understood with reference to the grid 20-64 shown in detail in FIG. 2. It may be noted,

'to avoid complexity of presentation.

however, that, in distinction from the switches of the C link grids, the switches of each stage of the concentrator grids each have m-ore horizontal control cond-uctors than there are switches of the .other stage to which it Imay have access. Accordingly, the horizontal control conductors of the switches 21-1 through 21-4 are connected in pairs via pairs of A links to pairs of horizontal control conductors of the switches 22-1 through 22,-4. Specifically, the first two horizontal control conductors of 'the switch 21-1 are connected via a pair of A links, represented in FIG. 2 by ia representative link 36, to the first two horizontal control conductors of the second stage first switch 22-1. The seventh Iand eighth horizontal control conductors of the first switch 21-1 -of the grid 30-64, of that switch, respectively, which are the penultimate-'and last horizontal control conductors, `are connected via pair of A links represented by the link 37 to the -first and second horizontal control conductors of the second stage last switch 22-4. The first and second horizontal contr-ol conductors of the first stage last switch 21-4 are connected by a pair of A links 38 to the penultimate and last horizontal control conductors, respectively, of the second stage first switch 22-1 and the :penultimate and last horizontal cont-rol conductors of the switch 21-4 are connected via a pair of A links 39 to the penultimate and last horizontal con-trol conductor, respectively, Iof the second stage last switch 22-4. Thi-s sequence of interconnection is continued for the intermediate pairs of A links not shown in lthe drawing The pairing of A links `and their paired connections between terminals of the grids advantageously makes possible the Iuse of 8 x 4 switches in the second stage to achieve a correspondence of the number of horizontal control cond-uctors and their paralleling transmission conductors of the third stagel grids with the horizontal control conductors and their paralleling transmission conductors of the second stage grids. It is to be understood that each of the grids 20-1 through 20-63, not shown or shown only in block symbol form, has it switch interconnections made in a manner identical to that described in the foregoing for the grid 20-'64.

Within each of the C link grids 30-1 through 3ft-16, the switch interconnections between switches are identical to that described between grids for the B links. Thus, within each C link grid, each of the switches 31-1 through 31-8 of the third stage has access, via one of its horizontal control conductors and a C link, with each switch within its grid of the fourth stage. Representative C links 40 through 43 are shown in FIG. 3 interconnecting representative horizontal control conductors of the switches of the grid 30-16. C link 40 thus connects the last horizontal control conductor of the third stage last switch 31-8 with the last horizontal control conductor of the last switch 32-8 of the fourth stage; C link 41 connects the first horizontal control conductor of the last switch 3].-8 with the last horizontal control conductor of the first switch 32-1; C link 42 connects the last horizontal control conductor of the first switch 31-1 with the first horizontal control conductor of the last switch 32-8; and finally, C link 43 connects the first horizontal control conductor of the first switch 31-1 with the first horizontal control conductor of the first switch 32-1. Intermediate C links not shown to avoid complexity similarly connect the intermediate horizontal control conductors of the third and fourth stage switches to achieve the required access pattern, and their interconnection may be determined by interpolation. It is also to be understood that each of the grids 30-1 through 30-15, not shown or shown in block symbol form only, is organized with respect to its interconnecting C links, in a manner identical to that described for the illustrative grid 30-16.

The organization of an illustrative control network and its internal interconnections has thus been described,

which network has 4096 line terminals at the first stage in 256 switch groups of sixteen m1 through m16 line terminals. The network also has 1024 junctor terminals at the fourth and last stage in 128 switch groups of eight terminals n1 through ng. Before proceeding to a description of the additional terminal circuitry for selecting a control path through the control network, the particular ferreed device contemplated for use as a crosspoint in the switches already considered will be described. Although the individual ferreeds may advantageously take the form of the differentially operating parallel ferreed shown and described in Patent No. 3,037,085 of the present inventor referred hereinbefore, any form of crosspoint switch operating in the coincident current excitation mode may be employed in the switches of a network according to this invention. One such alternative form of ferreed and one which is contemplated for use in the present network is the series ferreed shown in FIG. and is also described in the copending application of A. L. Blaha et al., Serial No. 124,723, filed July 17, 1961, now Patent 3,075,059 issued January 22, 1963. The ferreed of FIG. 10 comprises a slotted magnetic sleeve 50 of a material having substantially rectangular hysteresis characteristics through which are passed magnetically responsive reed contact members. Since the switching network ,of this invention provides for the simultaneous completion of tip and ring transmission circuits, two reed contact member pairs 51 and 52 are provided in the ferreed. A magnetically permeable collar 53 encircles the sleeve 50 at approximately its midpoint and opposite the contacts of the reed members 51 and 52 within the sleeve. A portion a of the sleeve 50 has a winding 54 and a winding 55 thereon and portion b of the sleeve 50 has a winding 56 and a winding 57 thereon. The Winding 54 is connected in series opposing with the winding 56 in an energizing circuit 58 and the winding 55 is connected in series opposing with the Winding 57 in an energizing circuit 59; the relative sense of these energizing circuits is opposite, so that for similar polarities of exciting currents, windings 54 and 55 will produce opposing magnetic fields, as will windings 56 and 57. The

lon the simultaneous energization of the two sets of control windings 54-55 and 56-57, it will be assumed that a positive current pulse is applied simultaneously to each of the circuits 58 and 59, specifically, to the respective terminals of these circuits designated 60 and 61, repectively. From the sense of the larger windings 55 and 56 and the polarity of the applied energizing current pulse it will be apparent that a remanent magnetization will be induced responsive thereto in the sleeve 50 which is upward as viewed in the drawing. This magnetization will be equally distributed along the series portions a and b of the sleeve 50 and will find closure through the magnetic reed contact members 51 and 52 thereby effecting their closure.

The energizing pulse will also be applied to the oppositely wound windings 54 and 57 thereby generating a counter magnetomotive force to the force inducing the foregoing magnetization. However, the number of turns of the latter windings is determined such that this magnetomotive force is overridden by the force generated in the windings 55 and 56 having a larger number of turns. Advantageously, t-he remanent properties of the sleeve 50 permit the flux induced therein to operate on the relatively slower responding reed contact members 51 and 52 after the energizing current pulse is removed from the terminals 60 and 61. These remanent properties also maintain the contacts of the reed members permanently closed without further expenditure of power.

Release -of the contacts is accomplished by applying Van energizing current pulse to either one but not both of the energizing circuits 58 and 59. Assuming that a device F11.

positive current -pulse is applied to only the circuit 58 at the terminal 61, a magnetomotive force in the upward direction as viewed in the drawing will be generated in the winding 56 and such a force in the downward direction will be generated in the winding 54. ln the portion b of the sleeve 50 to which the winding 56 is coupled, the magnetization is already upward as a result of the previously described operation, and accordingly no effective magnetic change takes place in this portion b. In the portion a, however, the previously induced magnetization is switched to the opposite direction. Since no energizing cunrent pulse is being applied at this time to the circuit 59, no magnetomotive forces counter to those just described are generated in the windings 55 and 57. The flux closure of the oppositely directed magnetizations as a result of the single applied current pulse will now be through the shunting collar 53 and through individual ones of the reed contact member pairs. As la result, the magnetic poles at the contacts of the members 51 and 52 will be alike, thus causing their separation. It is thus apparent that when only one of the energizing circuits 58 and 59 is energized, the portions a and b Will be left vwith opposing magnetizations, and in either case the contacts will open or remain opened. In actual practice the reed contact members of the ferreed device of FIG. 10 may advantageously be encapsulated in glass envelopes in order to provides contact protection. The series ferreed device of FIG. 10 is readily adapted to the coordinate crosspoint switches Ialready described herein in connection with the network portions of FIGS. 2 and 3 as shown in FIG. 13 by, for example, connecting the terminals 60 and 60a in series with an energizing control conductor in one of the sets of coordinates and by connecting the terminals 61 and 61a in series with an energizing control conductor in the other set of coordinates. The reed contacts 51 and 52 are connected between the transmission conductors T1111, Rm1 .and Thi, R111 associated with the respective coordinate control conductors m1 and nl which define the ferreed crosspoint When the crosspoint device F11 is operated, the transmission conductors T1111 and Rml vare connected to the transmission conductors T111 and R111 respectively by the contacts 51 and 52. It will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that still other forms of differentially excited and coincidentally operated electrical contacting devices may `be employed as a crosspoint device in the network of this invention. Further, a differentially excited and coincidentally operated ferreed such as de- -scribed in detail in the foregoing may also be employed to perform other and different functions in a switching network. Thus, as will be described hereinafter, the ferreed o-f FIG. 10 may advantageously be employed with virtually no modification in the control network of this invention in conjunction with performing the FCG testingof the paralleling transmission network.

Returning to the description of the control network proper and particularly to the line Iside at the first stage thereof, the organization of the line selection circuits may now be considered. Each of the line terminals 1n of the grids 20-1 through Ztl-64 is connected via the winding of a polar cut-ofi ferreed 65, a fuse, and a line selection relay contact to a common conductor 66 by means of an individual line control conductor 67. The conductor 66 is connected through a pulse control relay contact to ground. Each of the common conducting busses 23 of each of the first stage switches 21-1 through 21-4 of each of the grids 20-1 through Ztl-64 is connected via a shunt conductor 68, a fuse, and a shunt relay contact to a common conductor 69, which latter conductor is in turn connected to ground through another pulse control relay contact. 'l'lhe speciiic design-ations of the relay contacts so far mentioned, including those referred to as being included in the interstage connecting links together with the associated fuses, and the organization of the polar cut-off fer-reeds will be considered in detail hereinafter in conjunction with the description of the selection relays with which the contacts are associated and `the control of the cut-oil ferreeds.

At the junctor side of the netwoork each of the junctor terminals n of the switches of the fourth stage are connected via a junctor control conductor 70, one of the winding sets of `an FCG ferreed 71, a junctor selection relay contact, and a fuse to a common conductor 72, which latter conductor is in turn connected through one pulse control rel-ay contact to ground and through another pulse control relay contact to pulsing conductor 199. The ferreeds 71 may advantageously each comprise a ferreed device identical to that depicted in FIG. 10. One of the Winding sets of .a ferreed 71 is connected in series with a junctor control conductor 70 and the other winding set of each of the ferreeds 71 is connected in a common conductor 73 individual to a C link grid. The contacts of a ferreed 71 may be arranged to connect a test circuit to the transmission conductors `associated with a junctor control conductor 70 when the ferreed 71 is operated. One end of each of the common conductors 73 associated respectively with the C link grids is connected to the conductor 72. The other end of each of the common c-onductors '73 is connected via la no-test selection relay contact and a fuse to a common conductor 74. The latter conductor is connected via la pulse control relay contact and a resistance 75 to a source of positive potential 76.

It will Ibe apparent from the illustrative control network of FIGS. l through 8 so far described, that by closing a 'selected relay contact in each of the A, B, and C links one exclusive ser-ies control path may be established in the control network between any one terminal m at the line side of the network and any one terminal n at the junctor side of the network. Thus, starting at the right side of the network as viewed in FIG. 3, such an exclusive control path may be traced from a selected n terminal, a vertical coordinate control conductor of a switch of the fourth stage, one tot the control winding sets of -a crosspoint ferreed, `a common conducting bus 23, a horizontal coordinate control conductor of the same switch, the other control winding set `of the same ferreed, a C link via its ruse and C link selection relay contact, a horizontal coordinate control conductor of a third stage switch, one of the control winding sets of a crosspoint ferreed, common conducting Vous 23 of the same switch, a vertical coordinate control conductor, the other control winding set of the same ferreed, to a terminal m of the third stage switch. The exclusive control path is then continued via a B link, control winding sets of a crosspoint ferreed of a second stage switch, `an A link and the control winding sets of a crosspoint ferreed of the irst stage to a terminal m of an A link grid at the line side of the network. The exclusive series control path thus traceable may obviously be extended in both directions from the control network proper. Thus, at the line terminal -side of the control network, the series control ypath may be further traced via the winding of a Ipolar ferreed 65, a fuse, a line selection relay contact, yand a line control conductor 67 to ground by means of the common conductor 66 and `a pulse control relay contact. At the junctor side of the network the exclusive control path may be further extended to the common conductor 72 via `a fuse, a junctor selection relay contact, one of the control winding sets of Ia ferreed 71, and a junctor control conductor 70.

In addition to the exclusive series control paths available through the control network as above illustrated, other such control paths are also available at either end of thecontrol network. At the line terminal side of the network, for example, an alternative control pat-h is available which may be traced via the winding of a polar ferreed and a first stage switch alone. Starting at the common conductor 66, such a control path follows a line control conductor 67, a line selection relay contact, fuse, and terminal m to a vertical coordinate control conductor of a switch or" the first stage. At this point the latter control path is traced through the common conductor bus 23 of the same switch, a shunt conductor 68, fuse, and a shunt relay contact to the common conductor 69. Alternatively, the latter control path may be .traced from the latter common conducting bus 23 and a horizontal coordinate control conductor of a switch of the first stage to continue its series path through the control network as previously described. Still another series control path may be traced from a horizontal coordinate control conductor of a first stage switch to its common conducting bus 23 and then directly to a connected shunt conductor 68, in this manner bypassing the vertical coordinate control conductors.

At the junctor side of the network a number of alternative circuits may also be traced. Thus, for example, a series control path extended through the control network itself may be traced therefrom either through a single control winding set of a ferreed 71 and thus to the common conductor 72, or through both control winding sets of a ferreed 71 via the common conductor 72 and a control conductor 73 to the common conductor 74. Each of the various series control paths so fa-r mentioned is employed in performing various transmission network control operations as controlled by the operation of their associated control path selection relays. These relays and their contacts, which have so far only been gene-rally referred to, and their energizing circuits may'now be considered in detail. The energizing circuits of the relays will he grouped in general in accordance with particular operations of the control network.

In FIG. 5 are shown the groups of relays required to select and establish the various series control paths through the control network and its terminal circuitry generally described in the foregoing. The groups of relays and their associated contacts will rst be catalogued before considering in detail the circuits required for their control. The relays are group in accordance with the particular segments of the series control paths through the control network which they selectively established. Beginning at the line side of the network it will be recalled that each of the conducting busses 23 of the first stage switches is connected in a shunt circuit controlled by a shunt relay contact via a shunt conductor 68. A plurality of sixty-four relays S1 through S64, each having four contacts associated therewith, control establishment of these shunt circuit control paths. Each of the relays S1 through S64 is assigned to an individual A link grid and has one of its relay contacts connected in a shunt conductor 68 of a switch of its assigned A link grid. Specifically, the relay S1 assigned to the grid 20-1 has associated therewith and controls the contacts Sl-l through S1-4 connected in the four shunt conductors 68 of the four first-stage switches of the latter grid. The relay S2 has associated therewith and controls the contacts S2-1 through S2-4 connectedin the four shunt conductors 68 of the four lirst-stage switches of the grid 2li-2. This association of relays is continued with their contacts in the shunt conductors 68 to the last grid Ztl-64. At that point the relay S64 controls the contacts 564-1 through 864-4 connected in the tour shunt conductors 68 of the lirst-stage switches 21-1 through 21-4. Each of the shunt relay contacts Sl-l through 864-4 has associated therewith a fuse fs also connected in its respective shunt conductor 68. Each of the relays S1 through S64 is connected at one side to a source o-f potential 75 and at the other side to a one-out-of-sixty-four selector switch 76.

Line selection at the line terminal side of the network is performed by a plurality of sixty-four relays L1 through L64 each having sixty-four contacts associated therewith. Each of the relays L1 through L64 has a line selection contact connected by means of a line control conductor 67 to a line terminal m of each of the grids Ztl-1 through 20-64. For example, the first contacts L1-1 through L64-1 of the relays L1 through L64, respectively, are connected in the line control conductors 67 connected through the windings of polar ferreeds 65 to the successive line terminals m1 through m15 of each of the switches of the A link grid 20-1. The second contacts L1-2 through L64-2 of the relays L1 through L64, respectively, are connected in the line control conductors 67 which in turn are connected through the windings of polar ferreeds 65 to the successive line terminals m1 through m16 of each of the switches of the A link grid 20-2. This successive assignment of line selection contacts is continued in this manner through the grids 20-3 through 20-63. At the grid 20-64, the last contacts L1-64 through L64-64 of the relays L1 through L64, respectively are connected, as shown in greater detail in the grid 20-64. to the successive line terminals of the first-stage switches 21-1 through 21-4. Specifically, the contacts L1-64 through L16-64, for example, are connected through windings of polar ferreeds 65 to the line terminals m1 through m16 of the switch A21-1. The line terminals m1 through m16 of the last first-stage switch 21-4 are connected through windings f polar ferreeds 65 tol the contacts 1.49-64 through L64-64, respectively. Each of the line selection relay contacts L1-1 through L64-64 also has associated therewith a fuse fl. Each of the relays L1 through L64 is connected at one side to a source of potential 77. At the other side the latter Irelays are connected to a oneout-of-sixty-four selector switch 178. At the latter side the relays are also connected, respectively, to ground through a plurality of relay contacts LL-1 through LL-64, the purpose of which will be considered hereinafter in describing particular functions of the present control network.

Control path selection between the first and second stages, that is, the selection of the A links, is performed by a plurality of eight relays A1 through A8 each having associated therewith 256 contacts. The relays A1 through A8 are distributed among the A link grids in a manner such that, with respect to each A link grid, successive relay contacts of an odd and even numbered relay pair are alternated successively for the A link pairs within the grid. Since there are eight relays A1 through A8, and four switches within each of the stages of the A link grids, these relays are assigned in pairs to horizontal control conductors of the first-stage switches. Within any A link grid, the first two relays A1 and A2 are assigned to the odd and even horizontal control conductors, respectively, of the first first-stage switch; the second two relays A3 and A4 are assigned to the odd and even horizontal control conductors, respectively, of the second firststage switch; the third two relays A5 and A6 are assigned to the odd and even horizontal control conductors, respectively, of the third first-stage switch; and the last two relays A7 and A8 are assigned to the odd and even horizontal control conductors, respectively, of the fourth firststage switch. This distribution of A link relay contacts may be further demonstrated with respect to the A link grid Ztl-64 shown in detail in FIG. 2. In the first firststage switch 21-1 of that grid, for example, relay A1 controls four contacts A1-253 through A1-256 in the first, third, fifth, and seventh horizontal control conductors and relay A2 controls four contacts A2-253 through A2-256 in the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth horizontal control conductors. This distribution may be continued to the last switch 21-4 of the grid 20-64 where the relay A7 controls four contacts A7-253 through A7-256 in the first, third, fifth, and seventh horizontal control conductors and relay A8 controls four contacts A8-253 through A8-256 in the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth horizontal control conductors. By means of this relay contact distribution a positive discrimination is obtained between the two links of the A link pairs within an A link grid. Each of the A link relay-contacts associated with the relays A1 through A8 has associated with it, within its A link a fuse fa. The A link relays A1 through A8 are each connected at one side to a source of potential 79. At the other side the latter relays are connected to a one-out-ofeight selector switch 80. At the latter side the relays are also connected, respectively, to ground through a plurality of relay contacts AA-1 through AA-S, the purpose of which will also be considered hereinafter.

B link selection between the second and third stages of the network of FIGS. 1 through 8 is performed by a plurality of sixteen relays B1 through B16 each having associated therewith sixty-four contacts. The relays B1 through B16 are distributed among the terminals m of the C link grids in a manner such that the two relay groups B1 through B8 and B9 through B16 have their contacts assigned to alternating C link grids. The first contacts of each of the relays B1 through B8, for example, are connected to the terminals m1 through m8 of the first third-stage switch of the C link grid 30-1. These contacts are designated B1-1 through B8-1, respectively. With respect to the last third-stage switch of the grid 30-1, the contacts B1-8 through BS-8 of the relays B1 through B8, respectively, are connected to the terminals m1 through ma. Proceeding to the second C link grid 30-2, the relays B9 through B16 have their respective contacts 1 through 8 connected to the terminals m1 through m8 of each of the switches of that grid. Thus the contacts B9-1 through B16-1 of the relays B9 through B16, respectively, are connected to the terminals m of the first third-stage switch of the grid 311-2; the contacts B9-2 through B16-2 of the relays B9 through B16, respectively, are connected to the terminals m of the second third-stage switch of the grid 31h-2; etc. This distribution may be continued by interpolation to the last thirdstage switch of the grid 30-2 where the contacts B9-8 through B16-8 of the relays B9 through B16 are connected respectively to the switch terminals m. Proceeding in this alternate manner of assigning the relay groups B1 through B8 and B9 through B16 to adjacent C link grids to the last grid 3h0-16, the assignment of relays B9 through B16 and their relay contacts at the latter grid with respect to the detailed showing of the switches 31-1 and 31-8 is as follows: the contacts B9-57 through B16-57 of the relays B9 through B16, respectively, are connected to the terminals m1 through m8 of the first third-stage switch 31-1, respectively, and the contacts B9-64 through B16-64 of the relays B9 through B16, respectively, are connected to the terminals m1 through m8 of the last third-stage switch 31-8, respectively. The intermediate connections of the contacts of the relays B1 through B16 in the B links in each of the C link grids may readily be determined by interpolation from the representative contacts shown and described. Each of the B link relay contacts associated with the relays B1 through B16 has associated with it, within its B link, a fuse fb. The B link relays B1 through B16 are each connected at one side to a source of potential 81. At the other side the latter relays are connected to a one-out-of-sixteen selector switch S2. At the latter side the relays B1 through B16 are also connected, respectively, to ground through a plurality of relay contacts BB-1 through BB 16, the purpose of which will become apparent hereinafter.

Control of control path selection via the C links between the third and fourth stage switches is had by means of a plurality of sixty-four relays C1 through C64, each having sixteen contacts associated therewith. The relays C1 through C64 are assigned by groups to pairs of the C link grids 30-1 through 30-16 with the contacts of the relay groups successively assigned to the successive C links connected to the switches of the third stage. In the first C link grid 30-1 the contacts C1-1 through C1-8 of the relay C1 are connected to the horizontal control conductors of the first third-stage switch of this grid, the

contacts C2 1 through C2-8 of the relay C2 are connected to the horizontal control conductors of the second third-stage switch of this grid, the contacts C3-1 through C3,8 of the relay C3 are connected to the horizontal control conductors of the third third-stage switch of this grid, etc. This contact assignment is continued to the eighth and last third-stage switch of the grid Sil-1 with connection to the horizontal control conductors of this switch of the contacts C8-1 through CS-S of relay C8. In the next C link grid 3,0-2 of the first pair of C link grids, contacts C11-9 through C1-16 of the relay C1 are connected to the horizontal control conductors of the first third-stage switch o f this grid, contacts C2i-9 through C2-16 of relay C2 are connected to the horizontal control conductors of the second third-stage switch of this grid, and so on to the eighth and last third-stage switch of this grid. At the latter switch of the grid 302 contacts C8-9 through C8-16 of the relay C8 are connected successively to its horizontal control conductors. This distribution of successive contacts of the same relay group to adjacent pairs of the C link grids is continued throughout the column of C link grids. At the last two C link grids 30-15 and 3016 for example, the successive contacts of the relay group C57 through C64 are connected to the horizontal control conductors of their third-stage switches. Specifically, the contacts C57-1 through C57-8 are connected successively to the horizontal control conductors of the iirst third-stage switch of the grid 30-15, the contacts CSS-1 through CSS-S are connected successively to the horizontal control conductors of the second third-stage switch of the grid `30-1f5, etc. The contacts C64-1 through C64-8 are then connected'successively to the horizontal control conductors of the eighth third-stage switch of the grid 3045. In the last grid 30-16, this distribution of contacts is continued with the connection of the contacts C57-9 through C57-16 of the relay C57 to the horizontal control conductors of the `switch 31-1 shown in detail in FIG. 3, At the last switch 31-8 of the latter grid, contacts C64-9 through C64-16 of the relay C64 are successively connected to its horizontal control conductors. Each of the C link relay contacts associated with the relays C1 through C64 has associated with it within its C link a fuse fc. The C link relays C1 through C64 are each connected at one side to a source of potential 8,3. At the other side the latter relays are connected to a one-out-of-sixty-four selector switch 8.4. At the latter side the relays C1 through C64 are also connected, respectively, to ground through a plurality of relay contacts CCI through CC64, the purpose of which will be described in detail hereinafter.

Junctor selection at the junctor s ide of the control network is accomplished by a plurality of sixty-four relays J1 through 164 each having sixteen contacts associated therewith. Each of the relays J1 through 164 has a junctor selection contact connected by means of a junctor control conductor 70 to a junctor terminal n of each of the grids 30-1 through 30-16. For example, the rst contacts 11-1 through 164-1 of the relays 11 through 164i, respectively, are connected ,in the junctor control conductors 70 connected through the FCG ferreeds 71 to the successive junctor terminals n1 through ng of each of the fourth-stage switches of the C link grid 30-1. The second contacts 11-2 through 1 6442 of the relays 11 through 164, respectively, are connected in the junctor control conductors 70 of the successive junctor terminals nl through n@ of each of the fourth-stage switches of the C link grid 30-2. This successive assignment of junctor selection contacts is continued in this manner through the grids 3ft-3 through 30-15. At the grid 30-16, the last contacts 11-16 through 164-16 of the relays 11 through 164, respectively, are connected, as shown in greater detail in the grid 30-16, to the successive junctor terminals of the fourth-stage switches 32-1 through 32-8. Specifically, the contacts J1-16 through 18-16, for example, are connected via the junctor control conductors 70` to the terminals nl through ng of the switch 32-1. The junctor terminals n1 through ns of the last fourth-stage switch 32,-8 are connected through their respective junctor control conductors 7 0 to the contacts 157-16 through 164-16, respectively. Each of the junctor selection relay contacts 11-1 through 164-16 has associated therewith and also included in its junctor control conductor 70 of fuse fj. Each of the relays 11 through 164 is connected at one side to a source of potential 85. At the other side the latter relays are connected to a one-out-of-sixty-four selector switch 86. At the latter side the relays are also connected, respectively, to ground through a plurality of relay contacts 11-1 through L11-64, the purpose of which will also be considered hereinafter.

One final group of relays is provided to select a series control path through the control network proper. A plurality of sixteen no-test relays N1 through N16 each having a single relay contact associated therewith control the energizing paths through one of the control Winding sets of the FCG ferreeds 71. The relays N1 through N16 are assigned to the C link grids 30-1 through 30-16, respectively. Thus, the single contacts N1-1 through N16-1 of the relays N1 through N16 are included in the energizing conductors 73 of each of the latter grids and thereby control the control paths through the latter conductors 73 to the common conductor 74 in turn leading to an energizing source. Each of the no-test relay contacts N1-1 through N16-1 has associated with it and also included in its conductor 73 a fuse fn. Each of the relays N1 through N16 is connected at one side to source of potential 87. At the other side the latter relays are connected to a oneoutofsixteen selector switch 88. At the latter side the relays are also connected, respectively, to ground through a plurality of relay contacts NN-1 through NN-16, the purpose of which will become apparent hereinafter. The designation of the foregoing relays as no-test derives from an operation not described in connection with the present control network and the designation is employed only for the sake of consistency when the network is considered in a wider telephone system context.

In the foregoing description of control path selection relays and their contacts, in each .case only a single relay with its contacts is described and shown in the drawing. It will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that such a single relay is assumed for purposes of simplicity of description only and in actual practice la number of relays may be ganged and operated simultaneously to accommodate, in some cases, the larger number of contacts to be controlled. In the actual practice of a control network according to this invention any suitable form of relay may be employed. In view of the considerable number of contacts associated with the relays, .the well-known wire spring relay was found particularly advantageous and economical. The contacts of each of the relays so far described are make contacts and are shown in the drawing in accordance with conventional detached relay contact practice as depicted in FIG. 12. The selector switches 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, and 88 referred to in the foregoing and the'mlanner lin which these switches are controlled will be considered in detail hereinafter.

In the foregoing the relays have been described, the selective operations of which control and establish the series of segments of a single series control path through Vthe control network and its terminal circuitry. Before proceeding to a description of the energizing circuits for selectively operating the above relays, two additional groups of relays and their contacts will be considered. The first of these is effective selectively to steer the ferreed, energizing current pulses to the various control paths establishable in the control network and its terminal circuitry by the relays already described, The second group of relays is employed in the novel self-clearing operation of the control network according to this invention. In the rst group of relays mentioned in the foregoing, nine pulse control relays K1 through K9, shown in FIG. 6, have single contacts distributed at various points thro-ughout the network and its terminal circuitry. In the portions thereof so far described, for example, contact K1-1 of the relay K1 is connected in the common conductor 69 at the line terminal side of the network controlling its access to ground. Similarly, the contact K2-1 of the relay K2 is connected in the common conductor 66, also at the line terminal side of fthe network, controlling the access of the latter conductor to ground. At the junctor side of the network, the contacts K8-1 and K9-1 of the relays K8 and K9, respectively, are connected between the conductor 72 and ground, and between the conductor 74 and the resistor 75 with potential source 76, respectively. The remaining contacts of the relays K3 through K7 will be most conveniently described in connection with the address and relay selection circuitry to be considered hereinafter. Each of the relays K1 through K9 is connected at one side to a source of potential 89 and at its other side to an energizing conductor 90.

The second of the relay groups, shown in FIG. 8, which is the relay group operated for performing the selfclearing operation mentioned above, comprises a plurality of six clear relays LL, AA, BB, CC, Il, and NN, The relay LL has sixty-four contacts LL-l through LL- 64 associated therewith. The latter contacts are included in auxiliary energizing circuits, respectively, for each of the relays L1 through L64 previously described and shown in FIG. 5. The relay AA has eight contacts AA-1 through AA-S associated therewith, which latter contacts are included in auxiliary energizing circuits, respectively, for each of the relays A1 through A8 also shown in FIG. 5. The relay BB has sixteen contacts BB-l through BB-16 associated therewith, which latter contacts are included in auxiliary energizing circuits, respectively, for each of the relays B1 through B16 of FIG. 5. The relays CC and JJ each have sixty-four contacts associated therewith. The contacts CC-1 through CC-64 are included in auxiliary energizing circuits for the relays C1 through C64, respectively, and the contacts .IJ-1 through .TI-64 are included in auxiliary energizing circuits for the relays .I1 through 164, respectively. The relay NN has sixteen contacts NN-1 through NN-16 associated therewith, which contacts are included in auxiliary energizing circuits for` the relays N1 through N16, respectively. Each of the latter relays is also shown in FIG. 5. Each of the clear relays shown in FIG. 8 is connected at one side to a source of potential 91 and at its other side to an energizing conductor 92. Each of the contacts of the relays depicted in FIGS. and 6 are also make contacts and each of the contacts and its relay are shown in the conventional detached relay contact presentation as were the selection relays previously described. Only single relays are shown in FIGS. 5 and 8 and it is also to be understood with respect to these relays that a number of relays may be ganged in each case to accommodate the considerable number of contacts operated.

Returning at this point to the various control circuits for selectively operating the control path selection relays already described, the relay control circuits for selecting and establishing a series control path through the control network responsive to a Connect order Will first be considered. In order to establish such a control path, a line terminal, A link, B link, C link, and junctor terminal are selected. Connect order circuitry for operating Athe various relays for selecting these control path segments connects selected ones of these relays to ground through its selector switch. In the Connect order circuitry each of the selector switches 78, 80, 82, 84, and 86 is connected via common conductors 93 -through 97 to corresponding selection conductors 10() through 104, respectively. The latter selection conductors are connected respectively through a plurality of make Connect order relay contacts CO1-1 through COI-5 to a common ground conductor `to ground. The latter relay contacts are associated with a relay CO1 the energizing circuit of which terminates at one end on ground. The energizing circuit of the relay CO1 is completed at its other end via a conductor 107 which extends to a network controller circuit to be considered hereinafter. The selector switches 78, 80, 82, 84, and 86 may each comprise any well-known tree selector switch, or other form of selector switch capable of steering an energizing current pulse through a branching network under the control of address information signals applied thereto. Such selector circuit arrangements are well known in the art and accordingly, since they do not per se comprise inventive aspects of this invention, the selector switches are shown in block symbol form only. The foregoing selector switches receive address instructions via a plurality of address conductors 108 through 112 which extend -to an address register of the network. Two other relays CO2 and CO3 are also operated during a Connect order operation of the control network; however these are more logically considered in connection with the circuitry for applying the actual ferreed energizing current pulses. Circuits for establishing a series control path through the network and its terminal circuitry for a Connect order may thus be traced to energize a selected one of each of the relays L1 through L64, A1 through A8, B1 through B16, C1 through C64, and J1 through 164 as follows: from ground at the common ground conductor 105, make contacts CO1-1 through CO1-5, selection conductors 100 through 104, common selector conductors 93 through 97, through the respective selector switches 78, 80, 82, 84, and 86, to the potential sources of the above-mentioned relays as selected by address signals transmitted to the selector switches via the address conductors 108 through 112, respectively.

The next network operation, the control circuits of which will be described, is the Restore order for restoring supervision after a call has been completed. As will become apparent hereinafter, this network control operation involves only the switches of the rst stage and the shunt selection circuits connected thereto. Accordingly, as depicted in FIG. 7, circuits are provided for setting up control path segments in these portions of the control network. The selector switches 76 and 78 associated with these portions of the network are extended to the Restore order control section by means of a conduc-tor 113 and the conductor 93 previously described. Ground for selected relays of the selector switches 76 and 78 is extended via a common conductor 114, two make relay contacts R01-1 and R01-2, two selection conductors 115 and 116, and thereby through the respective conductors 113 and 93. The contacts RO1-1 and R01-2 are controlled by a Res-tore order relay R01, one side of which is connected to ground. The energizing circuit for the relay R01 is completed via a conductor 118 to network controller circuits, Energizing paths from ground for a selected relay of the relay groups S1 through S64 and L1 through L64 as selected by address signals transmitted -to the selector switches 76 and 78 via address conductors 119 and 108 may be traced as. follows: from ground via the common conductor 114,. relay make contacts R01-1 and R01-2, selection conductors 115 and 116, and thereby through the respectivel conductors 113 and 93 through the selector switches 76 and 78, respectively, to the potential sources 75 and 77 of the selected relays. Two other relays of this relay control circuitry are also of interest. However, since these relays R02 and R03 are operative only during the actual application of a ferreed energizing pulse, they will be more logically considered in conjunc-tion with a description of the circuits for steering the latter enel:- gizing current pulse.

21 l, The next relay control circuitry to be considered is that for preparing the transmission network for a false cross and ground test. In this operation, ferreeds in the second, third, and fourth stages and an FCG ferreed are operated, switches in the rst stage are to be left released and the cut-olf ferreed left unchanged from its previous condition. In order to accomplish this selection operation one of the shunt selection relays S1 through S64, one of the A link selection relays A1 through A8, one of the B link selection relays B1 through B16, one of the C link selection relays C1 through C64, one of the junctor selection relays J1 through 164, and one of the no-test selection relays N1 through N16, are operated. The control circuit for selectively operating one relay of each of these relay groups comprises selector switches 76, 80, 82, 84, 86, and 88. Address control for the latter selector switches is extended from the network controller previously mentioned via the address conductors 119, 109, 110, 111, 112, and a conductor 120. Ground is extended through the foregoing selector `switches for the selected relays via the conductors 113,

94, 95, 96, 97, and a conductor 121, respectively, which are extended to FIG. 7. The paths to ground are then continued respectively by means of the selection conductors 122 through 127, relay make contacts FCGl-l through FCG16 included in the respective latter conductors, and a common conductor 128. The relay make contacts FCG1-1 through FCG1-6 are controlled by an FCG relay FCGl, which relay is connected at one side to ground and at the other side is extended via a conductor 130 to the network controller previously mentioned. Two other relays FCG2 and FCG3 are also included in this control circuitry and their operation will be considered hereinafter.

One other transmission network control operation which involves the same selection relays as were described in connection with the Connect order control circuitry is special service request simulation. In this operation the cut-E ferreed stage is active as are each of the network proper stages. 'Ihe FCG ferreeds, on the other hand, are released. Accordingly, paths to ground for the selected relays are provided through the selector switches 78, 80, 82, 84, and 86 under the control of their associated address conductors Via the common conductors connected to these selector switches previously described and which are now extended to FIG. 8. The latter conductors terminate at a plurality of selection conductors 131 through 135 which in turn are connected through a plurality of respective relay make contacts SR1-1 through SR1-5 to ground via a common ground conductor 136. The latter relay contacts are controlled by a relay SR1 which is connected at one side to ground and is extended via a conductor 138 to the previously mentioned network controller. Two other relays SR2 and SRS also comprise a part of the control circuitry being described and these will be considered in conjunction with their operation hereinafter. Paths to ground for the selected relays of the foregoing selector switch groups may be traced along the conductors 93 through 97, selection conductors 131 through 135, relay contacts SR1-1 through SR1-5, respectively, to the ground conductor 136.

In the foregoing network control circuits described, each of the various relay contacts through which ground is extended is a make contact. In these control circuits the concern has been with establishing an exclusive series control path through the control network and its terminal circuitry. Combinations of the selector switches of FIG. 5 were involved in making this exclusive control path selection. In the nal control network operation to be described hereinafter, the control path selection contacts are tested for any which may have stuck closed and the control path segment including such a contact is opened. For this purpose each of the stages and the terminal circuits of the control network are sequentially tested by closing all of the contacts of all of the latter stages except the contacts of the stage under test. The relay contacts in each of the auxiliary ground circuits of the path selection relays, such as, for example, the contacts LL-l through LL-64, AA-l through AA-8, etc., are provided for this purpose. These contacts are controlled by the relays shown in FIG. 8. The latter relays, LL, AA, BB, CC, JJ, and NN are connected to ground via their energizing conductors 92 through respective break contacts CTI-1 through CT6-1 and a common ground conductor 140. The latter contacts are controlled by a plurality of respective relays CTI through CT6, one end of each of which `is connected to ground and the other ends of which relays are connected via a plurality of conductors 142 to the previously mentioned network controller. The common ground conductor is connected to ground at two points: at one point the connection is made through a relay make contact CL-l of a clear relay CL and at the other point the `connection is made through a relay make contact CLS-1 of a clear shunt relay CLS. The relays CL and CLS are connected at one side to ground and are extended via respective conductors 145 and 146 to the previously referred to network controller. Other contacts of both of the latter relays are connected in conductors the purpose of which will be described.

The description of the control path selection relay energizing circuits so far has concerned itself only with the selection and establishing of the series control paths through the control network and its terminal circuitry without mention of the circuits for directing energizing current pulses and potentials to these paths for performing the various transmission network control operations generally mentioned. It will be recalled that the pulse control relays K1 through K9 actually performed the operation of steering current to various parts of the control network for the performance of its various transmission network control functions. Various combinations of the latter relays are operated simultaneously with the selection relays already described and accordingly control circuits for the relays K1 through K9 are included in each of the selection relay control circuits described and traced in the foregoing. The description will thus return to each of these circuits to pick up the control of the pulse control relays K1 through K9 for actually apphing the ferreed energizing current pulses and potentia s.

Returning now to the Connect order control circuits of FIG. 5, four conductors 147 through 150 are seen to extend ground from the ground conductor 105 of FIG. 5 to the relays K2, K5, K6, .and K7, respectively, of FIG. 6, through relay make contacts CO2-1, CO2-2, CO2-3, and C03-1, respectively. The CO2 relay contacts are controlled by a relay CO2 connected at one side to ground and at the other side to a conductor 152 extended to the network controller mentioned previously. The conductors 147 and 148 are also connected to the ground conductor 105 via a pair of secondary conductors 153 and 154, respectively, having respective relay make contacts 154, respectively, having respective relay make contacts C03-2 and C03-3 therein. The latter relay contacts and the contact C03-1 are controlled by a relay CO3 which is connected at one side to ground and at the other side to a conductor 156 extended to the abovementioned network controller.

In the Restore control circuits, the relays K1, K3, K6, and K7 are connected to the ground conductor 114 of FIG. 7 via a plurality of conductors 157 through 160, respectively, having included therein` the relay make conacts RO2-1 through RO2-3 and RC3-1. The latter conductors are extended to the respective relays in FIG. 6 Via a cable 157. The latter relay contacts are controlled by relays R02 and R03 connected at one side to ground and at the other side to energizing conductors 163 and 164, respectively, which latter conductors are also extended to the previously mentioned network controller. The conductors 157 and 158 are also connected to the 23 ground conductor 114 by means of secondary ground conductors 165 and 166, respectively, having therein relay make contacts RO32 and ROS-3 of the relay R03.

During the false cross and ground test only the K relays K1, K4, K6, and K7 are operated and accordingly the source of potential 89 is connected to ground through each of these relays via a plurality of conductors 167 through 170 extended to FIG. 6 via a cable 167', which conductors in turn are connected to the ground conductor 128 of FIG. 7 through a plurality of relay make contacts FCG2-1 through FCG2-3 and FCG3-1, respectively. The latter relay contacts are controlled by relays FCG2 and FCG3, which relays are connected at one side to ground and at the other side to energizing conductors 173 and 174, respectively, which latter conductors are also extended to the previously mentioned network controller. The conductors 167 and 169 are also connected to the ground conductor 128 by means of secondary ground conductors 129 and 171, respectively, having therein relay make contacts FCG3-2 and FCG3-3 of the relay FCG3.

In the Service request test relay control section of FIG. 8 control is afforded relays K3, K6, K7, and K8 via conductors 175 through 178 extended to FIG. 6 via a cable 175 which conductors are each connected at one end to the respective energizing conductors 90 of the latter relays. The conductors 175 through 178 are connected at the other ends to the common ground conductor 136 of FIG. 8 through a plurality of relay make contacts SR2-1 through SR2-3 and SRS-1, respectively. These contacts are controlled by the relays SR2 and SR3 which relays are connected at one side to ground, respectively, and are connected at the other side to energizing conductors 181 and 182 which extend to the previously mentioned network controller. The conductors 175 and 177 are also connected to the ground conductor 136 by means of secondary ground conductors 137 and 179, respectively, having therein relay make contacts SRS-2 and SRS-3 of the relay SRS.

Particular ones of the K relays of FIG. 6 are also operated during the contact test and clearing operation of the control network. The relays K2 and K9 are controlled during this operation by means of a pair of conductors 183 and 184, respectively, of FIG. 8 extended to the latter relays via a cable 183', which conductors extend ground to the latter relays from the rst secondary ground point of the ground conductor 140. The conductors 183 and 184 have included therein relay make contacts CL-2 and CL-3 controlled by the relay CL previously described. During this same test and clear operation but at a different time, the yrelays K1 and K9 are simultaneously'operated. Control of the latter relays is had by means of a pair of conductors 185 and 186, respectively, which are extended to the latter relays via a cable 185 and which conductors extend ground to the latter relays from the second secondary ground point of the ground conductor 140. The conductors 185 and 186 have included therein relay make contacts CLS-2 and CLS-3 controlled by the relay CLS also previously described.

The relays K1 through K9 operate to control contacts already specied in the portions of the network and its terminal circuitry. However, these relays also operate other contacts in control conductors extending to external instruction circuits which do not comprise a part of this invention and which may now be generally considered with particular reference to FIG. l.

External control for providing instruction and address signals for the network so far described may advantageously be provided by means of a number of circuit means devisable by one skilled in the art. Such circuit means are well known and one exemplary combination of circuits for providing the instruction and address signals required to control the various control circuits described hereinbefore is depicted in FIG. 1. Since such circuits are well known and comprise noninventive associated components external to the control network which cornprises the present invention, they are shown in block symbol form only. The external circuitry is thus identied only to the extent of specifying the character of the outputs required to render the control network of this invention operable. As was mentioned earlier herein, the control network of this invention is not contemplated as being operative directly responsive to subscriber dial pulses. In order to simplify the control of the network, direct control is provided by a common control of the telephone switching system of which the present control network may be adapted for use. This common control is then operated responsive to` the subscriber dial pulses. The telephone lsystem common control controls, in the exemplary system being described, a network controller 191 which operates under instructions from the common control to supply the various energizing pulses, to be more specifically identiiied, at the proper times. An address register 192, also under the control of instructions from the system common control 190, provides coded signals and their translation to make the necessary selection of the selection relays within the selector switches 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, and 88. The network controller 191 provides control for a control path continuity check circuit 193 and also for a pulse source 194. This control is provided via a pair of conductors 195 and 196, respectively. The continuity check circuit 193 may comprise any suitable circuit readily devisable by one skilled in the art capable of detecting opens and other circuit resistance change-s and this circuit is accordingly also shown in block symbol form only. The pulse source 194, similarly shown, may comprise any suitable circuit capable of providingpulses at the times and of the character to be more specifically described. The pulse source 194 is connected through a pair of relay make contacts K7-1 and K51 via a conductor 197 extended through FIGS. 2 and 3 directly to the common conductor 72 of FIG. 4. The continuity check circuit 193 is connected through a pair of relay make contacts K6-1 and K3-1 via a conductor 198 directly to the common conductor 66 shown in FIG. 1. The conductors 197 and 198 are connected together between their respective relay contact pairs by means of a bridging conductor 199. The latter conductor is connected through a relay make contact K4-1 via a conductor 200 extended through FIGS. 2 and 3 to the common conductor 74 of FIG. 4.

The network controller 191 also provides control signals for each of the network control operations. Thus, select, check and energize signals are provided for the conductors 107, 152, and 156, respectively, of the Connect order control circuits, which conductors are extended to the network controller 191 via a cable 201. Select, check and energize signals are also provided for the conductors 118, 163, and 164, respectively of the Restore control circuits, which conductors are extended to the network controller 191 via a cable 202. In the FCG test control circiuts the network controller provides select, check, and energize signals for the conductors 130, 173, and 174, respectively, thereof, which conductors are extended to the network controller 191 via a cable 203. Similarly, select, check, and energize signals are provided by the network controller 191 to the conductors 138, 181, and 182 of the Service request test control circuits, which conductors are extended to the network controller 191 via a cable 204. Finally, instruction signals are provided by the network controller 191 for the Contact Test and Clear control circuit. Specically, control signals are provided for the conductors 142 and 145 which are extended from the network controller 191 via a cable 205 and for the conductor 146 which also extends t0 the network controller, 

10. A MULTISTAGE TELEPHONE SWITCHING NETWORK HAVING IN EACH OF ITS STAGES A PLURALITY OF ARRAYS OF CROSSPOINT DEVICES, EACH OF SAID ARRAYS HAVING INPUT AND OUTPUT SETS OF COORDINATE CONTROL CONDUCTORS; AND COMPRISING CONDUCTING MEANS FOR EACH OF SAID ARRAYS CONNECTING THE INPUT AND OUTPUT SETS OF COORDINATE CONTROL CONDUCTORS OF SAID ARRAY; A PLURALITY OF INTERSTAGE CONTROL LINKS INTERCONNECTING SAID OUTPUT SET OF COORDINATE CONTROL CONDUCTORS OF EACH OF THE ARRAYS OF ONE STAGE WITH THE INPUT SET OF COORDINATE CONTROL CONDUCTORS OF EACH OF THE ARRAYS OF A SUCCEEDING STAGE; A PLURALITY OF RELAY CONTACTS CONNECTED RESPECTIVELY IN SAID INTERSTAGE CONTROL LINKS; AND A PLURALITY OF RELAY MEANS FOR CONTROLLING RESPECTIVELY SAID PLURALITY OF RELAY CONTACTS SUCH THAT A CONTINUOUS AND UNIQUE SERIES CONTROL PATH IS ESTABLISHED BETWEEN ANY COORDINATE CONTROL CONDUCTOR OF SAID INPUT SET OF AN ARRAY OF THE FIRST STAGE OF SAID PLURALITY OF STAGES AND ANY COORDINATE CONTROL CONDUCTOR OF SAID OUTPUT SET OF AN ARRAY OF THE LAST STAGE OF SAID PLURALITY OF STAGES. 